Herbert f



(No Model.)

H. F. DUNHAM.

WATER 0R GAS MAIN.

No. 481,935. Patented Sept. 6, 189-2.

WIT E5555.

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UNITED STATES PATENT QEEIQE.

HERBERT F. DUNHAM, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

WATER OR GAS MAIN.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 481,935, dated September6, 1892.

Application filed February 24, 1892. Serial No. 422,601. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HERBERT F. DUNHAM, of the city, county, and State ofNew York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Water or GasMains, of which the following is a specification.

It often happens in the maintenance of a water or gas distributingsystem that branches for new streets or new hydrants or other uses haveto be put into the original lines of pipes. The ordinary method ofaccomplishing this requires the employment of three differentpiecesviz., the branch or T, a short piece of common pipe, and a sleeveof larger diameter reinforced at each end to furnish opportunity forcalking, said sleeve being passed on over one of the newly-cut ends ofthe new pipe to be moved forward after the other pieces are in position,in order to secure the last joint. The method or practice is to cutawaya portion of the main pipe, slip the sleeve on over one of the cut ends,put the branch and short piece in place, and then move the sleeveforward into its final position. The four joints thus produced are thenyarned, leaded, and calked or otherwise made secure. The above methodrequires considerable eXcavation, and it is often troublesome to supportall the different pieces in position while the work is being done. Myimprovement does away with the use of the sleeve and the short piece ofpipe, and thus reduces the number of joints to two and the number ofpieces to oneviz., the branch or T (often called a special) which is tobe applied.

My invention relates, therefore, particularly to the construction of theimproved branch or special, fully described below, and while thisspecial is more particularly adapted for use in connection with gas andwater mains I do not confine myself to its application to these systems,as it may be of use in connection with vitrified or sewer and drainpipes.

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of referenceindicate like parts, Figure 1 is a horizontal section of my improvedspecial or branch in the position assumed while it is being moved intoplace over the ends of the main, which are shown in plan. The special isshown in broken lines in its final position. Fig. 2 is an elevation, theplane of which is parallel to the oblique face of the branch or special,asindicated by broken line 00,Fig. 1.

A B represent the adjacent ends of the main over which the special is tobe placed, a portion of said main having been cut out to receive it.

C is the special or T or branch,the branch proper being shown at C. Oneend of this special, which for the sake of convenience I will term therear end, is provided with an ordinary bell C. The other end or frontend is constructed in the following manner:

First. Its bellD is enlarged horizontally into the shape of an ellipse,as shown in Fig. 2. In other words, while in vertical section itsdiameter need be little or no greater than that of the bell 0. Itsoblique diameter in horizontal section is decidedly greater, as shown inboth Figs. 1 and 2.

Second. The face of the enlarged bell end D is beveled off, so as to beat an oblique instead of a right angle with the axis of the special,thus bringing the outer end of the bell at one side of the specialnearly opposite the inner end or bottom of the bell at the other side.

Third. The inner surface of this bell D is provided with an oblique beador rib E, which is also of the elliptical shape shown in Fig. 2.

Fourth. The branch or side opening 0 is not located centrally in thespecial, but is set near the enlarged end or hell D.

' To place the special in position, the enlarged end is first placedover the end of the portion B of the main and the special moved forward.Afterward the opposite end or hell 0'' is moved laterally and backwardand placed over the end of the portion A of the main, as shown in brokenlines, Fig. 1. The horizontal enlargement of the bell D, so that thatend is elliptical in shape, is to permit the entrance of the pipe B andits admission to a point far enough back of the usual shoulder to allowthe opposite end 0 to swing into a position from which it can be carriedback and slipped over the end A of the main pipe. The beveling of theenlarged end B, so as to bring it into an oblique angle with the axis ofthe special, is for the purpose of allowing I greater amplitude of thehorizontal movement While the special is being placed into position. Theoblique bead or rib E, which passes over the end B of the main duringthe process of applying the special, comes so nearly in contact withsaid special after it is in position as to form a stop against which theyarn can be driven before the joint is completed or before the lead isintroduced. Of course the ofiice of its oblique shape and ellipticalform is the same as that of the similar shape and form of the bell I).

The object of locating the branch or side opening 0 near the enlargedend D is to provide space for the required movement of the special uponor about the end of the pipe B while said special is being placed inposition. In other Words, th us locating the branch avoids necessity offorming a pocket or auxiliary chamber in the special for theaccommodation of the end of the pipeB during the process of applying thespecial or T.

It is obvious that by enlarging one end of a special suiiiciently itcould be slipped on over the end of the main pipe far enough to permitthe special to be moved into position; but in such a construction thespace around the end of the main would be too great to insure good workunless the length of the special Were so great that there would be noeconomyover the old method. By combining the enlargement with thebeveled end the space between the bead or ribE and the pipe B, Whilegreat enough to accommodate the movement of the special, is graduallydiminishcd as the special is being brought into position, becomingeventually very slight and of even Width around the main.

The method of or materials used in packing or otherwise rendering tightthe joints needs no detailed descriptiomas it maybe modified as desired.

It will be observed that the special is decidedly enlarged just back ofthe bell, this being an enlargement of the body of the spe cial ratherthan the bell, for the accommodation of the end of the main While theparts are being placed in position. 1

This improvement is applicable not only to a T-i. a, a special with onebranch, as shownbut to a crossi. 8.,21. special With opposite branches.Moreover, the invention is applicable to a gate as Well as a special,and it is myintention to use the same in both connections.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1.. In a pipe system of the character described, a special orbranch, as0, one of whose bell ends is enlarged horizontally, so that its diameterin horizontal section is greater than its diameter in vertical section,said special being provided with a branch or side discharge-opening 0near said enlarged bell end, whereby space is provided for the end ofthe main pipe during the application of the special without recourse toapocket,substantially as described.

2. In a pipe system of the character described, an enlarged bellend,asD, whose face or end is beveled off at an oblique angle with the axis ofthe special, substantially as described.

3. In a pipe system of the character described, an enlarged bell end, asD, provided on its inner surface with the oblique head or rib E,substantially as set forth.

4. In a pipe system of the character described,the special or branchherein specified and consisting, essentially, of the round pipe 0,provided with the ordinary round bell end 0, the enlarged ellipticalbell end D, having an oblique face, described, the oblique bead or ribE, and the branch or side dischargeopening 0, placed near the enlargedbell end, substantially as specified.

HERBERT F. DUNHAM.

\Vitnesses:

JOSEPH FLEsHIEM, HENRY W. PAoKER.

